me  -M.CCI 


Tlieir  Prevention 


Gal  Mining  Department 


GIFTOF 


ENGLISH 

The  purpose  of  this  book  is  to  teach  mine  workers  how  to  prevent 
accidents  and  at  the  same  time  to  teach  the  English  language  to  those 
who  cannot  speak  English.  The  lessons  are  arranged  so  that  the  left 
hand  page  shows  how  the  accident  happens  and  the  page  opposite  shows 
how  to  prevent  the  accident.  Red  lines  indicate  things  which  never 
should  be  done. 

POLISH 

Celem,  niniejszej  ksi^zki  jest  uczyc  robotnikow  majnerskich,  jak 
si$  ustrzedz  wypadkow  i  jednocze^nie  uczyc  si$  po  angielsku,  ktorzy 
jeszcze  angielskiego  j^zyka  nie  znaj^.  Lekcye  33.  podzielone  tak,  ze  po 
lewej  stronie  snajduje  si$  objasnienie  jak  wypadek  zachodzi,  po  prawej 
za£  stronie  znajduje  sie^  objasnienie  jak,  temuz  zapobiedz.  Czerwone 
linije  naznaczajq.  rzeczy,  ktore  nigdy  nie  powinne  bye  robione. 

LITHUANIAN 

Tikslu  sios  kningos  yra  mokinti  majninius  darbininkus,  kaip 
apsisaugot  nuo  atsitikimo  ir  tuom  pat  laiku  mokintis  angliskos  kalbos, 
kurie  da  jos  nepazjsta.  Lekcijos  yra  padalintos  taip,  kad  is  kiauros 
puses  randasi  paaiskinimai  kaip  atsitikimas  jvyksta,  o  is  desines  puses 
paaiskinimai  kaip  nelaimes  apsisaugoti.  Raudonos  linijos  pabrieze  dali- 
kus,  kuriu.  niekada  nevalia  daryti. 

ITALIAN 

Lo  scopo  di  questo  libro  e'  di  insegnare  ai  minatori  come  preve- 
nire  accidenti,  ed  in  pari  tempo,  di  insegnare  1'inglese  a  coloro  che  ancora 
non  lo  sanno.  Le  lezioni  sono  disposte  in  guisa  che  la  pagina  a  sinistra 
dimostra  come  avvengono  gli  accidenti  e  la  pagina  opposta  dimostra 
come  prevenire  gli  accidenti  stessi.  Le  righe  rosse  stanno  ad  indicare 
quelle  cose  che  non  dovrebbero  mai  esser  fatte. 

RUSSIAN 

C61    KHH3KKH    G    -    -   Hay^HTH    po6iTHHKiB    B    MailHaX  HK 

Hein,acHHM  Bnna^KaM  a  TaKoac 

MOBH  THX,  KOTpi  el  He  3HaK)TL.  JIeKn;ii  e  ynopa^KOBam 
m,o  jiiBa  cTopona  noKasye,  aK  Hem;acHHH  BHna^oK  Tpa 
ca,  a  npoTHBJieacHa  CTopona  noKaaye,  aK  Tony  Bnna^KOBi  sa- 

^epsom   pa^KH    noKaayiOTt    pi^n,  aKiix  HIKOJIH  He 

ca 


Mine  Accidents  and 
tneir  Prevention 


Illustrated  hy  200  Pictures  Taken  in  the  Mines  hy  W.  B.  Bunnell 
Official  Photographer  of  tne  D.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  Company 


For  the  Instruction  or 

MINE  -WORKERS 

Especially  Adapted  for  tne  Teaching  of  English  to  the 
Non-English  Speaking  People 


Prepared  by 

J.  H.  DAGUE  and  S.  J.  PHILLIPS 

Secretaries  for  the  Education  of  Mine  \Vorkers,  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
of  Scranton,  Pennsylvania 

Under  the  Direction  of   R.  A.  PHILLIPS,  Superintendent,  and   C.  E.  TOBEY,  Assistant 

Superintendent,  Coal  Mining  Department,  Delaware,  Laekawanna  and 

'Western  Railroad  Company,  Scranton,  Penna. 


Published  by  the 
DELAWARE,  LACKAWANNA  &  WESTERN  RAILROAD  CO. 

Coal  Mining  Department 


Copyrighted  1912  by 

The  Delaware,  Laekawanna  &  Western  Railroad  Co. 
New  York  City 


PREFACE 


The  purpose  of  this  book  is  two-fold :  First,  to  make  all  Mine-Work- 
ers more  familiar  with  safe  methods  of  mining  hard  coal,  in  order  that  many 
of  the  more  common  accidents  attendant  upon  this  hazardous  occupation 
may  be  avoided  and  the  lives  of  the  workmen  may  be  preserved  to  the  indus- 
try and  to  those  dependent  upon  them. 

Second,  to  give  a  knowledge  of  colloquial  English  to  the  non-English 
speaking  Mine- Workers  in  order  that  they  may  understand  their  orders  in- 
telligently and  thus  be  better  able  to  help  themselves  and  protect  their  lives 
against  the  dangers  of  the  mine. 

The  plan  has  been  to  incorporate  in  a  permanent  form  more  than  two 
hundred  pictures  which  have  been  taken  in  the  mines  and  have  been  used 
with  telling  effect  in  stereopticon  lectures  before  immense  gatherings  of  min- 
ing men. 

The  pictures  have  been  arranged  in  series.  Each  series  shows  an  acci- 
dent. The  first  part  of  the  series  shows  how  the  accident  happens  and  the 
last  part  shows  how  the  accident  might  be  avoided. 

The  main  principle  of  the  lessons  has  been  to  tell  the  story  of  the 
pictures  in  a  series  of  short,  pointed  sentences  arranged  in  logical  sequence 
so  that  the  general  flow  of  thought  will  not  be  broken.  The  plan  of  the 
Roberts'  Lessons  of  English  for  Coming  Americans  published  by  the  Inter- 
national Committee  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  which  has  been 
used  so  successfully  for  a  long  time  in  teaching  English  to  foreigners  has 
been  closely  followed  and  in  accordance  with  this  scheme  the  verb  has  been 
given  great  prominence'  -as. this  J^.t^rt^ljcferjed  the  most  difficult  element  of  the 
language.  *t  •;  .;.*:.•.••;«  >  •  •*•. 

The  basic  idea' of 'these1  le'ssoAsjTi'am'ery,  the  making  of  series  of  photo- 
graphs to  show  the  successive  stages  in  the  occurrence  and  prevention  of  an 
accident  originated  with  R.  A.  Phillips,  Superintendent  Coal  Mining  Depart- 
ment, Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railroad  Company,  and  it  is  due 
to  his  persistent  effort  that  it  has  been  possible  to  carry  to  completion  the 
present  work. 


Four 
4 


This  selection  of  pictures  was  not  made  at  random  but  is  based  on  the 
Annual  Reports  of  the  Department  of  Mines  of  Pennsylvania.  These  Re- 
ports have  been  carefully  studied  and  only  those  accidents  which  have  been 
of  most  frequent  occurrence  and  the  most  fruitful  in  loss  of  life  or  limb  have 
been  chosen  for  this  work. 

These  pictures  have  been  procured  with  a  great  expenditure  of  money 
and  of  painstaking  effort,  and  much  time  and  energy  have  been  devoted  to 
the  preparation  of  the  lessons.  Every  lesson  has  been  carefully  thought 
through  and  has  been  arranged  with  the  view  of  making  the  special  point  to 
the  pictures  stand  unmistakably  in  the  foreground  so  that  there  may  be  no 
mistaking  the  particular  point  of  mine  law  which  covers  the  accident  in 
question. 

There  has  been  appended  to  the  mining  lessons  a  number  of  lessons 
on  American  Citizenship  especially  prepared  for  this  book  by  W.  J.  Torrey, 
Esq.,  who  has  been  closely  connected  with  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation work  for  Immigrants  in  Scranton,  Pa. 

It  is  earnestly  desired  that  all  into  whose  hands  this  book  may  come 
will  do  their  part  in  helping  it  to  accomplish  the  good  for  which  it  is  intended. 

J.  H.  D. 


247503 


Five 
5 


NOTE  TO  TEACHERS 


It  is  not  expected  that  these  lessons  will  give  the  men  a  complete 
mastery  of  English,  but  they  are  intended  to  give  the  Non-English  speaking 
miner  a  good  understanding  and  use  of  the  language  used  in  the  mines.  To 
get  best  results  the  teacher  will  observe  that  in  every  lesson  three  distinct 
steps  must  be  followed.  (1st)  Conversation  based  on  the  pictures;  (2nd) 
Reading  the  lesson ;  (3rd)  Writing  the  lesson. 

The  picture  is  the  soul  of  the  lesson  and  contains  all  the  material 
treated  in  the  lesson.  Before  any  attempt  whatever  is  made  at  reading  the 
lesson,  it  should  be  thoroughly  mastered  in  conversation,  according  to  the 
principles  used  in  teaching  the  Roberts'  System. 

The  facts  shown  in  the  picture  should  be  brought  to  the  attention  of 
the  pupil  by  such  questions  as — 

What  do  you  see  in  this  picture? 

What  is  the  miner  doing? 

With  what  is  the  miner  drilling  the  hole,  etc.? 

In  every  case  require  that  the  pupil  give  a  full  and  complete  sentence 
in  reply  and  not  merely  a  single  word. 
Lead  him  to  say — 

I  see  a  miner  in  this  picture. 
The  miner  is  drilling  a  hole. 
He  is  drilling  a  hole  with  a  drill,  etc. 

The  teacher  should  also  make  extensive  use  of  the  questions  at  the 
end  of  each  lesson,  for  in  this  way,  he  can  best  determine  how  fully  the  con- 
tent of  the  lesson  has  been  grasped  by  the  pupil.  After  the  lesson  has  been 
completely  mastered  in  conversation  the  reading  of  the  lesson  should  begin. 
But  little  difficulty  will  be  experienced  in  reading  after  the  conversation  has 
been  mastered.  Then  after  the  pupil  learns  to  read  the  lesson  he  is  ready  to 
begin  the  writing  of  the  lesson.  Much  of  the  written  work  can  be  practiced 
at  home  by  the  pupil. 

If  the  above  course  of  procedure  is  carefully  and  faithfully  followed, 
the  pupil  will  soon  learn  enough  idiomatic  English  to  help  him  greatly  in  his 
work  and  be  of  every  day  practical  use. 

Six 

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Seven 


Miner  Drilling  Hole 


Lighting   the   Squib 


Examining   Results  of  Shot 


Fall  of  Roof  on  Miner 


is  drilling 

cleans  out 

puts 

lights 

goes  back 

comes  back 

try 

examine 

falls 

is  broken 


FAILURE  TO  EXAMINE  ROOF  AFTER  A  SHOT 

The  miner  is  in  the  chamber. 

He  is  drilling  a  hole  in  the  face. 

He  cleans  out  the  hole  with  a  scraper. 

He  puts  the  powder  into  the  hole. 

He  lights  the  squib. 

He  goes  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

The  miner  comes  back  to  the  face. 

He  does  not  try  the  rock  with  his  bar. 

He  goes  in  to  examine  the  face. 

The  rock  is  bad  and  falls  on  him. 

The  miner's  back  is  broken. 


What  is  the  miner  doing?  What  does  he  put  into  the  hole?  What  does 
the  miner  do  after  he  lights  the  squib?  Did  the  miner  try  the  roof?  What 
happened  when  the  miner  went  under  the  bad  roof? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  EXAMINE  THE  ROCK  AFTER  EVERY  SHOT. 


Eight 


Miner  Testing  Roof 


Miner  and  Laborer  Pull  Down  Roof 


Miner  Examines  Face  in  Safety 


has  gone  off 
comes  back 
tries 
is  bad 
calls 

pull  down 
is  safe 
takes  out 
examine 


EXAMINING  ROOF  AFTER  FIRING  A  SHOT 

The  shot  has  gone  off. 

The  miner  comes  back  to  the  face. 

He  tries  the  rock  with  his  bar. 

The  rock  is  bad. 

The  miner  calls  the  laborer. 

The  miner  and  laborer  pull  down  the  bad  rock. 

Now  the  chamber  is  safe. 

The  miner  takes  out  the  coal  without  harm. 

The  miner  must  always  examine  the  rock  after  a  shot. 


What  is  the  miner  doing  with  his  bar?  Is  the  rock  bad?  What  are  the 
miner  and  laborer  doing?  Is  the  chamber  safe  now?  Can  the  miner  take  out 
the  coal  without  harm?  What  must  the  miner  do  after  every  shot? 


ALWAYS  EXAMINE  THE  ROCK  AFTER  A  SHOT. 


Nine 
9 


Miner  Knocks  Out  Prop  With  Hammer 


Rock  Falls  on  Miner 


stands 
made  of 
holds  up 
knock  out 
raises 
strikes 
knocked  out 
falls  down 
falls  on 
killed 


KNOCKING  OUT  A  PROP  WITH  A  HAMMER 

The  prop  stands  in  the  chamber. 

The  prop  is  made  of  wood. 

The  prop  holds  up  the  rock. 

The  miner  will  knock  out  the  prop. 

The  miner  raises  the  hammer. 

He  strikes  the  prop  with  the  hammer. 

The  prop  is  knocked  out. 

The  prop  falls  down. 

The  rock  falls  on  the  man. 

The  man  is  killed. 


Of  what  is  the  prop  made?  What  does  the  miner  want  to  do?  Is  there 
loose  rock  over  the  prop?  With  what  does  the  miner  strike  the  prop?  When 
the  prop  falls  what  happens?  Is  the  miner  killed?  Is  it  safe  to  knock  out  a 
prop  with  a  hammer?  Why  is  it  not  safe? 

NEVER  KNOCK  OUT  THE  PROP  WITH  THE  HAMMER. 


Ten 
10 


Building   Collar   Beside   Prop 


Preparing  to  Blow  Out  Prop  With  Dynamite 


STANDING  A 

will  lay 

is  in 

must  knock  out 

is  not 

put  up 

drives 

knocks  out 

holds  up 

is  safe 

ties 

fixes 

lights 

goes  back 

burns 

explodes 

knocks  out 


Prop  After  Shot  Went  Off 


COLLAR  BESIDE  PROP  OR  KNOCKING  OUT  PROP  WITH 
DYNAMITE 

The  miner  wnl  lay  more  road. 

This  prop  is  in  the  way. 

The  miner  must  knock  out  the  prop. 

The  roof  is  not  safe. 

He  must  first  put  up  a  collar. 

He  drives  in  wedges  to  tighten  the  collar. 

Now  the  miner  knocks  out  the  prop  with  the  hammer. 

The  collar  now  holds  the  roof  up. 

The  miner  is  safe. 

The  miner  ties  a  stick  of  dynamite  to  the  prop. 

He  fixes  a  cap  and  fuse  in  the  dynamite. 

The  miner  lights  the  fuse. 

He  goes  back  to  a  cross-cut. 

The  fuse  burns  slowly. 

The  cap  explodes,  and  puts  off  the  dynamite. 

The  exploding  dynamite  knocks  out  the  prop. 

KNOCK  OUT  PROPS  WITH  DYNAMITE. 


Eleven 
11 


Two   Props   Standing   and  Miner 
Lighting  Squib 


Props  Are  Knocked  Out  by  Shot 


see 

hold  up 
tamped 
lights 
shouts 
runs  back 
goes  off 
returns 
blown  out 
examine 
goes  into 
falls 
injured 


Miner  Hurt  by  Fall  of  Rock 


PROPS  KNOCKED  OUT  BY  A  SHOT 

We  see  two  props  in  this  chamber. 

The  props  hold  up  the  top. 

The  hole  has  been  tamped. 

The  miner  lights  the  squib. 

The  miner  shouts,  "Fire  !   Fire  !" 

He  runs  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

The  shot  goes  off. 

The  miner  returns  to  the  face. 

He  finds  the  props  are  blown  out. 

He  does  not  examine  the  top. 

He  goes  into  the  face. 

The  top  falls  on  him. 

He  is  injured. 


What  is  the  miner  in  the  picture  doing?     Where  does  he  go?     What  hap- 
pens to  the  props?    Did  he  examine  the  top?     Is  this  a  careful  miner? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  EXAMINE  THE  TOP  AFTER  EVERY  SHOT. 


Twelve 
12 


has   returned 
are   down 
examines 
finds 

must  make 
calls 

put  back 
is  safe 
can  load 


Miner  Examines  Roof  After  Shot 


Miner  and  Laborer  Replacing  Props 


REPLACING  PROPS  AFTER  A  SHOT 

The  miner  has  returned  to  the  face. 

He  finds  the  props  are  down. 

He  examines  the  roof  with  his  drill. 

He  finds  the  top  is  bad. 

The  miner  must -make  the  top  safe. 

He  calls  his  laborer. 

The  miner  and  laborer  put  the  props  back  in  place. 

The  chamber  is  now  safe. 

Now  the  laborer  can  load  his  coal. 

This  is  a  careful  miner. 


What  is  the  miner  doing  in  this  picture?  What  does  he  do  with  the  bad 
top?  Is  it  safe  to  work  under  bad  top?  Should  the  laborer  begin  to  load  coal 
before  he  knows  the  top  is  safe? 

ALWAYS  EXAMINE  THE  TOP  AFTER  A  SHOT. 


Thirteen 


Bad  Roof  Under  Which  a  Car  of  Clean  Coal 
Is  Lying 


Laborer  Loading  the  Coal 


is  trying 

does  not  want 
does  not  pull 
is  not  safe 
is  not  careful 
comes 

begins  to  load 
falls 
is  hurt 


Laborer  Covered  by  Fall  of  Rogf 


WORKING  UNDER  BAD  ROCK 

Here  is  a  car  of  clean  coal. 

The  miner  is  trying  the  rock  above  the  coal. 

The  rock  is  not  good. 

The  miner  does  not  want  to  dirty  the  coal. 

He  does  not  pull  down  the  bad  rock  nor  set  a  prop. 

The  chamber  is  not  safe. 

The  miner  is  not  careful. 

The  car  comes  into  the  chamber. 

The  laborer  begins  to  load  the  clean  coal. 

The  bad  rock  falls  on  him. 

The  laborer  is  badly  hurt. 


Is  there  clean  coal  beside  the  road?  What  is  the  miner  doing?  Is  the 
rock  above  the  coal  good?  Why  does  the  miner  not  pull  down  the  bad  rock? 
Is  this  a  careful  miner?  Is  this  chamber  safe?  W'hat  is  the  laborer  doing? 
What  happens  to  the  laborer? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  MAKE  THE  ROOF  SAFE. 


fourteen 
14 


Barring  Down  Bad  Roof 


Standing  Prop  Under  Bad  Roof 


is  above 
must  make 
can  make 
can  stand 
stands 

can  bar  down 
will  dirty 
helps 
is  safe 
can  clean 


Men  Clearing  Away  Fallen  Roof 


MAKING  ROOF  SAFE 

Bad  rock  is  above  this  clean  coal. 

The  miner  must  make  this  place  safe. 

He  can  make  the  place  safe  in  two  ways. 

First,  he  can  stand  a  prop  under  the  bad  rock. 

If  he  stands  a  prop  the  rock  will  not  dirty  the  coal. 

Second,  the  miner-can  bar  down  the  bad  rock. 

This  will  dirty  the  coal. 

The  miner  helps  the  laborer  put  the  big  pieces  in  the  gob. 

The  place  is  now  safe. 

Now  the  laborer  can  clean  and  load  the  coal. 


Is  it  safe  for  the  laborer  to  load  this  coal?  Why?  Are  there  two  ways 
to  make  the  place  safe?  What  is  the  first  way  to  make  the  place  safe?  If  the 
miner  sets  a  prop  will  the  coal  be  dirtied?  What  is  the  safest  way  to  make 
the  place  safe?  Can  the  laborer  clean  and  load  the  coal  in  safety  now?  Is  this 
a  careful  miner? 

ALWAYS  MAKE  SURE  THE  ROOF  IS  SAFE. 


Fifteen 
15 


Fire-boss  and  Miner  Testing  Roof 


Fire-boss  Tells  Miner  to  Stand  Prop 
Under  Roof 


Miner  and   Laborer   Smoke   Before 
Obeying  Order 


Miner  and  Laborer  Under  Fall  of  Roof 


are 

hangs    over 
are  testing 
is  safe 
orders 
goes  away 
sit  down 

falls 


MINER  NEGLECTING  ORDERS 

Here  are  the  fire-boss  and  the  miner. 

This  rock  hangs  over  the  road. 

The  miner  and  the  fire-boss  are  testing  it. 

The  rock  is  not  safe. 

The  fire-boss  orders  the  miner  to  put  that  prop  under  the  rock. 

The  fire-boss  goes  away. 

The  miner  and  the  laborer  sit  down  to  smoke  before  they  stand  the 

prop. 
The  loose  rock  falls  on  them. 


What  does  the  fire-boss  tell  the  miner  to  do?  Does  the  miner  obey  the 
fire-boss  at  once?  What  are  the  miner  and  laborer  doing?  What  happened  to 
them  while  they  smoked?  Should  the  fire-boss  wait  till  the  prop  is  placed? 


MINER,  DON'T  DELAY  MAKING  YOUR  PLACE  SAFE. 


Sixteen 
16 


Fire-boss  Waits  to  See  Orders  Carried  Out 


tests 

tells 

does 

waits 

knows 

must    be 

helps 


FIRE-BOSS  SEES  THAT  ORDERS  ARE  OBEYED 

The  miner  tests  the  rock  and  finds  it  is  not  safe. 

The  fire-boss  tells  the  miner  to  stand  a  prop  under  the  bad  rock. 

The  fire-boss  does  not  go  away. 

He  waits  until  the  prop  is  stood. 

Now  the  fire-boss  knows  the  men  are  not  in  danger. 

The  fire-boss  must  be  sure  every  place  is  safe. 

Every  careful  miner  and  laborer  helps  to  prevent  accidents. 


What  are  the  miner  and  laborer  doing?  Why  does  the  fire-boss  not  go 
away?  Who  .must  be  sure  that  every  place  is  safe?  Who  can  help  to  prevent 
accidents? 


FIRE-BOSS,  SEE  THAT  YOUR  ORDERS  ARE  OBEYED  PROMPTLY. 


Seventeen 
17 


Miner   Drilling   Hole   Before   Shooting   Down 
Rock  Over  Clean  Coal 


Laborer  Telling  Miner  Not  to  Dirty  Coal 


Miner  Ready  to  Go  Home  Warns  Laborer  to 
Be  Careful 


Laborer  Covered  by  Fall  of  Rock 


MINER  LEAVING  CHAMBER  IN  UNSAFE  CONDITION 


has  cleaned 

is  dangerous 

wishes 

are  drilling 

brings 

wants 

does  want 

says 

does  wish 

tells 

begins 

falls 

is  killed 


The  laborer  has  cleaned  this  coal. 

The  rock  above  this  clean  coal  is  dangerous. 

The  miner  wishes  to  blow  down  the  rock. 

The  miner  and  laborer  are  drilling  a  hole  in  the  rock. 

The  miner  brings  a  stick  of  dynamite. 

The  miner  wants  to  blast  the  rock  at  once. 

The  laborer  does  not  want  the  miner  to  fire  the  shot  now. 

The  laborer  says,  "The  rock  will  dirty  this  coal." 

The  miner  does  not  wish  to  dirty  the  coal. 

The  miner  tells  the  laborer  to  be  careful  and  then  he  goes  home. 

The  laborer  begins  to  load  the  coal. 

This  rock  falls  on  him. 

The  laborer  is  killed. 


What  does  the  miner  want  to  do?  Why  does  the  laborer  not  want  the 
rock  blown  down?  What  does  the  miner  say  just  as  he  starts  home?  Does 
the  laborer  load  coal  under  the  dangerous  rock?  What  happens  to  the 
laborer?  Should  the  miner  have  blasted  the  rock  before  he  went  home?  Who 
is  to  blame  when  the  chamber  is  not  safe? 

MINER,  DON'T  GO  OUT  UNTIL  THE  ROOF  IS  MADE  SAFE. 


Eighteen 
18 


Miner  Drilling  Hole  Before  Shooting  Down 
Rock  Over  Clean  Coal 


Miner  and  Laborer  Taking  Rock  Off  of  Clean 
Coal 

MINER  MAKES  CHAMBER  SAFE  BEFORE  GOING  HOME 


is  dangerous 

will  blow  down 

are  drilling 

gets 

puts 

lights 

goes  off 

is  blasted 

falls 

safe 

is  hanging 

helps 

goes 

cleans 

can  load 


The  rock  above  this  clean  coal  is  dangerous. 

The  miner  will  blow  down  this  bad  rock. 

The  miner  and  laborer  are  drilling  a  hole  in  the  rock. 

The  miner  gets  a  stick  of  dynamite. 

He  puts  the  dynamite  in  the  hole  and  tamps  it. 

He  then  lights  the  fuse  and  runs  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

The  dynamite  goes  off. 

The  bad  rock  is  blasted  down. 

The  rock  falls  on  top  of  the  clean  coal. 

The  chamber  is  now  safe. 

Now  there  is  no  bad  rock  hanging  above  the  coal. 

The  miner  helps  the  laborer  to  remove  the  large  pieces  of  rock. 

The  miner  goes  home  knowing  the  laborer  is  safe. 

The  laborer  now  cleans  the  coal  again. 

Now  the  laborer  can  load  the  coal  in  safety. 


Is  the  rock  above  the  clean  coal  dangerous?  What  are  the  miner  and 
laborer  doing?  What  will  the  miner  do  with  the  dynamite?  What  does  the 
miner  do  after  he  lights  the  fuse?  Does  the  dynamite  blow  down  the  bad  rock? 
Where  does  the  rock  fall?  Does  the  miner  help  remove  the  large  pieces  of 
rock?  Is  the  laborer  safe  when  the  miner  goes  home? 

MINER,  MAKE  THE  CHAMBER  SAFE  BEFORE  YOU  GO  HOME. 


Nineteen 
19 


Taking  Needle  Out  of  Hole 


Laborer  Comes  Back  to  Face  Before  Miner 


Laborer  Under  Fall 


has  tamped 
is  taking 
goes  back 
lights 
shouts 
has  gone  off 
returns 
has  been 
did  examine 
went  under 
came   down 


LABORER  COMES  BACK  FIRST  AFTER  SHOT 

The  miner  has  tamped  the  hole. 

He  is  taking  the  needle  out  of  the  hole. 

The  laborer  goes  back  and  shouts,  "Fire !     Fire !" 

The  miner  lights  the  squib. 

The  miner  runs  back  and  shouts,  "Fire  !    Fire !" 

The  shot  has  gone  off. 

The  laborer  returns  first  to  the  face. 
The  rock  has  been  loosened  by  the  shot. 
The  laborer  did  not  examine  the  roof. 
He  went  under  the  bad  rock  to  work. 
The  rock  came  down  and  caught  the  laborer. 


What  has  the  miner  done?  What  is  he  doing  now?  What  will  he  do 
after  he  lights  the  squib?  After  the  shot  goes  off  who  returns  first  to  the  face? 
Should  the  miner  or  laborer  go  to  the  face  first?  Was  the  place  safe  for  the 
laborer? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  EXAMINE  THE  ROOF  AFTER  EVERY  SHOT. 


Twenty 
20 


Miner  Examines  Face  Before  Laborer  Enters 


Barring  Down  Bad  Roof 


has  gone  off 

returns 

tries 

finds 

pull  down 

pull  down 

is  safe 

loads 

must 


THE  MINER  MAKES  THE  CHAMBER  SAFE 

The  shot  has  gone  off. 

The  miner  returns  first  to  the  face. 

The  miner  tries  the  roof. 

He  finds  the  rock  has  been  loosened. 

The  miner  and  laborer- pull  down  the  loose  rock. 

They  pull  down  the  ro'ck  with  their  bars. 

The  chamber  is  now  safe. 

The  laborer  now  loads  out  the  coal. 

The  miner  must  always  see  that  the  chamber  is  safe  for  the  laborer. 


Who  goes  back  first  after  the  shot?  What  does  the  miner  do?  Did  the 
miner  find  loose  rock?  With  what  do  the  miner  and  laborer  pull  down  the 
rock?  Who  must  see  that  the  chamber  is  safe? 


EXAMINE  THE  ROOF  AFTER  EVERY  SHOT. 


Twenty-one 
21 


Driver  Sliding  Foot  on  Rail 


Foot  Entering  Frog 


Driver's  Foot  Under  Car 


is     coming 
is  sitting 
is   sliding 
comes 
is 

is  caught 
shouts 
does  stop 
is  held 
is  pulled 
runs  over 
is  broken 
not  safe 


DRIVER  SLIDING  FOOT  ON  RAIL 

The  driver  is  coming  with  a  car  of  coal. 

The  driver  is  sitting  on  the  bumper. 

He  is  sliding  his  foot  on  the  rail. 

The  car  comes  to  a  branch. 

There  is  a  frog  at  every  branch. 

The  driver's  foot  is  caught  in  the  frog. 

The  driver  shouts,  "Whoa !"  at  the  mule. 

The  mule  does  not  stop. 

The  driver's  foot  is  held  fast.    . 

He  is  pulled  from  the  bumper  to  the  ground. 

The  car  runs  over  his  leg. 

The  driver's  leg  is  broken. 

It  is  not  safe  for  the  driver  to  slide  his  foot  on  the  rail. 


How  is  the  driver  riding  on  the  car?  Is  he  sliding  his  foot  on  the  rail? 
What  happens  when  he  comes  to  the  frog?  Does  the  mule  stop?  Does  the  car 
run  over  his  leg?  Is  his  leg  broken?  Is  it  safe  for  the  driver  to  slide  his  foot 
on  the  rail? 

DON'T  SLIDE  YOUR  FOOT  ON  THE  RAIL. 


Twenty-two 
22 


Driver  In   Standing  Position  on  Bumper 


is  coming 

is  pulling 

is  far 

is  standing 

passes 

is  safe 

is  broken 

should  stand 


DRIVER  RIDING  IN  PROPER  POSITION 

The  driver  is  coming  with  a  car  of  coal. 
The  mule  is  pulling  the  car. 

The  car  is  not  far  from  the  branch. 

^ 
The  driver  is  standing  on  the  bumper. 

The  car  passes  over  the  frog. 

The  driver  is  safe. 

His  leg  is  not  broken. 

The  driver  should  stand  on  the  bumper  when  the  car  is  moving. 


Is  the  driver  coming  with  a  car  of  coal?  Is  the  car  near  the  branch? 
What  is  there  at  every  branch?  How  is  the  driver  riding  on  this  car?  Does 
he  pass  the  frog  if  he  stands  on  the  bumper?.  How  should  the  driver  ride  on 
the  car? 


DRIVER,  ALWAYS  STAND  ON  BUMPER  OF  A  MOVING  CAR. 


Twenty-three 
23 


Runner  Runs  Car  Into  Face;   Props  Too  Close 
to  Road 


Runner  Between  Prop  and   Car 


is  going 
must  sprag 
stood 
is  not 
must  run 
to  pass 
is  caught 
is  crushed 


PROPS  STANDING  TOO  NEAR  THE  ROAD 

This  car  is  going  into  the  face. 

The  runner  must  sprag  the  car. 

The  miner  stood  the  props  too  near  the  road. 

There  is  not  enough  room  between  the  track  and  the  props. 

The  runner  must  run  between  the  car  and  the  props. 

There  is  not  enough  room  for  the  car  to  pass  the  runner. 

The  runner  is  caught  between  the  car  and  the  prop. 

The  runner  is  crushed  to  death. 


What  is  the  runner  doing?  Must  the  runner  run  between  the  car  and  the 
props?  Is  there  enough  room  between  the  track  and  the  props?  Who  stood 
the  props  too  near  the  track?  What  happened  when  the  car  was  passing  the 
props?  Is  the  runner  killed?  Should  the  props  be  farther  from  the  track? 


MINER,  DON'T  STAND  PROPS  LESS  THAN  THREE  FEET  FROM  THE 

ROAD. 


Twenty-four 
24 


Miner  Standing  Prop  With  Gauge 


Runner  Runs  Car  Into  Face 


Runner  Between  Derailed  Car  and  Props 


PROPS  STANDING  THREE  FEET  FROM  THE  RAIL 


is  coming 
runs    ahead 
is  plenty 
stood 
passes 
sprags 
is  safe 
has 
measures 


A  car  is  coming  into  the  face. 

The  runner  runs  ahead  to  sprag  the  car. 

There  is  plenty  of  room  between  the  track  and  the  props. 

The  miner  stood  these  props  three  feet  from  the  track. 

The  car  passes  the  runner. 

The  runner  sprags  the  car. 

There  is  plenty  of  room  and  the  runner  is  safe. 

The  miner  has  a  three-foot  gauge. 

He  measures  between  the  track  and  the  prop  with  the  gauge. 


What  is  the  runner  doing?  Has  he  plenty  of  room  here?  Does  the  car 
pass  the  runner?  Is  the  runner  safe?  How  far  are  these  props  from  the  track? 
How  does  the  miner  know  the  props  are  three  feet  from  the  track?  How  long 
is  the  gauge? 


ALWAYS  STAND  YOUR  PROPS  THREE  FEET  FROM  THE  RAIL. 


Twenty-live 
25 


Car  on  Pitch  Improperly  Blocked 


Driver  and  Mule  Coming  Up  Gangway  Road 


is  on 

is  in 

has  loaded 

is  steep 

is  blocked 

is 

came  out 

runs  down 

are  corning 

are  coming 

caught 

is  caught 

is  thrown 

are    injured 


Driver  and  Mule  Caught  By  Car 

CAR  IMPROPERLY  BLOCKED  ON  PITCH 

This  chamber  is  on  the  pitch. 

The  car  is  in  the  face. 

The  laborer  has  loaded  the  car. 

The  road  is  very  steep. 

The  car  is  not  blocked  in  the  right  way. 

There  is  only  a  very  small  block  under  the  wheel. 

This  block  came  out. 

The  loaded  car  runs  down  the  steep  track. 

The  driver  and  the  mule  are  coming  up  the  gangway  road. 

They  are  coming  toward  this  chamber. 

The  runaway  car  caught  the  driver  and  the  mule. 

The  mule  is  caught  between  the  cars. 

The  driver  is  thrown  to  the  ground. 

Both  are  badly  injured. 


Where  is  this  chamber?  Where  is  this  car?  Is  the  car  loaded?  Is  the 
road  steep?  Is  the  car  blocked  in  the  right  way?  What  happens  when  the 
block  comes  out?  What  is  coming  up  the  gangway  road?  Can  the  driver  and 
the  mule  get  out  of  the  way?  What  happens  to  the  driver  and  mule? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  BLOCK  YOUR  CARS  PROPERLY. 


Twenty-six 
26 


Car  Properly  Blocked 


CAR  PROPERLY  BLOCKED  ON  PITCH 

is  on  :      This  chamber  is  on  the  pitch. 

is  in  :      The  car  is  in  the  face, 

is  loaded       :      It  is  loaded  with  coal. 

The  car  is  blocked  in  the  right  way. 

There  is  a  block  in  front  of  each  wheel. 

There  is  a  sprag  in  each  wheel. 

There  is  a  clevis  block  on  the  rail. 

A  strong  tie  is  in  front  of  the  car. 
is  blocked     :      The  car  is  safely  blocked, 
get  away      :      It  cannot  get  away  to  run  down  the  grade. 

No  one  is  in  danger  now. 


Where  is  this  chamber?  Is  this  loaded  car  in  the  face?  Is  this  car 
blocked  in  the  right  way?  What  is  in  front  of  each  wheel?  What  is  in  each 
wheel?  What  is  on  the  rail?  What  is  in  front  of  the  car?  Can  this  car  get 
away?  Is  any  one  in  danger  now? 


ALWAYS  BLOCK  YOUR  CARS  PROPERLY. 


Twenty-seven 
97 


Motorman  Goes  Down  Grade  Without 
Examining  Brakes  and  Sand 


Motor  Derailed  at  Foot  of  Grade 


MOTOR  STARTING  DOWN  GRADE  WITHOUT  SAND 

There  is  a  sand  box  on  the  motor. 

is  put  Sand  is  put  on  the  track  where  it  is  steep. 

do  slip  When  sand  is  on  the  track  the  wheels  do  not  slip. 

can  stop  If  there  is  plenty  of  sand  the  motorman  can  stop  the  motor. 

Sometimes  there  is  no  sand  in  the  box. 

is  taking  The  motorman  is  taking-  out  a  trip  of  loaded  cars. 

comes  He  comes  to  the  top  of  a  grade, 

is  steep  The  track  is  very  steep, 

does  stop  The  motorman  does  not  stop  the  trip, 

get  off  The  helper  does  not  get  off  to  examine  the  brakes. 

There  is  no  sand  in  the  box. 
starts  The  trip  starts  down  the  grade, 

cannot  stop       The  motorman  cannot  stop  it. 
slip  The  wheels  slip  on  the  rails, 

goes  fast  The  trip  goes  too  fast, 

jumps  The  motor  jumps  from  the  track, 

are    thrown       The  motorman  and  helper  are  thrown  off. 
are  killed  They  are  both  killed. 


Twenty-eight 
28 


Helper    Examines    Sand   and    Brakes   at    Top 
of  Grade 


Motor  Safe  at  Foot  of  Grade  With  Trip 


comes 
is  steep 
stops 
gets  off 
there  is 
are 

goes  down 
can  stop 
go  down 
come 
pushes 
takes  out 
takes 


The  trip  comes  to  the  top  of  the  grade. 

The  track  is  very  steep. 

The  motorman  stops  the  motor. 

The  helper  gets  off  and  examines  the  sand  box  and  the  brakes. 

There  is  sand  in  the  box. 

The  brakes  are  in  good  order. 

The  trip  goes  down  the  grade. 

The  motorman  can  stop  the  motor  now. 

They  go  slowly  down  the  grade. 

They  come  safely  to  the  bottom. 

The  motorman  pushes  the  cars  back. 

The  helper  takes  out  the  sprags. 

The  motorman  takes  the  trip  to  the  foot. 


Is  there  a  sand  box  on  the  motor?  What  is  the  sand  used  for?  Do  the 
wheels  slip  when  sand  is  on  the  track?  Is  sand  always  in  the  box?  Can  the 
motorman  stop  the  motor  if  there  is  plenty  of  sand?  Does  the  motorman  stop 
the  motor  at  the  top  of  the  grade?  What  does  the  helper  do?  Is  there  sand  in 
the  box?  Does  the  trip  go  slowly  down  the  grade?  Do  they  get  down  safely? 
Where  do  they  take  the  trip? 

BRAKEMAN,  EXAMINE  THE  BRAKES  AND  SAND  BEFORE  STARTING 

DOWN  A  GRADE. 


Twenty-nine 
29 


Miner  Working  in  Dip  Without  Clevis  Block 
on  Rail 


Runner   Running   Car   Into    Chamber 


Car  Off  End  of  Track  Catches  Miner 
Against  Face 


CHAMBER  ON  THE  DIP  WITHOUT  CLEVIS  BLOCK  ON  THE  RAIL 


is  in 
working  out 

to  leave 

runs 

sprags 

to  stop 

runs  over 

runs  into 

is  at  work 

is  caught 

cannot  get  away 

is  killed 


This  chamber  is  in  the  dip. 

The  miner  is  working  out  the  face. 

There  is  no  clevis  block  on  the  rail. 

It  is  very  dangerous  to  leave  this  block  off. 

The  runner  runs  a  car  into  the  chamber. 

The  runner  sprags  the  car. 

There  is  no  block  on  the  rail  to  stop  the  car. 

The  car  runs  over  the  end  of  the  track. 

It  runs  into  the  face  of  the  chamber. 

The  miner  is  at  work. 

The  miner  is  caught  between  the  top  rock  and  the  cai 

He  cannot  get  away. 

He  is  killed. 


Where  is  this  chamber?  What  is  the  miner  doing?  Has  the  miner  put 
the  clevis  block  on  the  rail?  Is  it  dangerous  for  the  miner  to  leave  the  block 
off?  Who  comes  with  a  car?  Does  the  runner  know  the  block  is  off  the  rail? 
Where  does  the  car  go?  Can  the  miner  get  away?  What  happens  to  him? 

DON'T  LEAVE  THE  CLEVIS  BLOCK  OFF  THE  RAIL. 


Thirty 
30 


Miner  Working  in  Dip  With  Block  Properly 
on  Rail 


is  in 
has  put 
is  safe 
working  out 
brings 
sprags 
comes 
has  plenty 
catch 
is  safe 
must  keep 


CLEVIS  BLOCK  ON  THE  RAIL 

This  chamber  is  in  the  dip. 

The  miner  has  put  the  clevis  block  on  the  rail. 

The  chamber  is  now  safe. 

The  miner  is  working  out  the  face. 

The  runner  brings  a  car  into  the  face. 

He  sprags  the  car. 

The  car  comes  against  the  clevis  block  and  stops. 

The  miner  has  plenty  of  room  now. 

The  car  cannot  catch  the  miner. 

The  miner  is  safe. 

The  miner  must  always  keep  the  car  blocked  at  the  face. 


Where  is  this  chamber?  What  is  the  miner  doing?  Has  the  miner  put 
the  clevis  block  on  the  rail?  Who  comes  with  a  car?  What  does  the  runner 
do  to  the  car?  What  happens  when  the  car  hits  the  block?  Can  the  car  catch 
the  miner?  Is  the  miner  safe?  Should  the  miner  keep  the  block  on  the  rail? 


ALWAYS  KEEP  THE  CLEVIS  BLOCK  ON  THE  RAIL. 


Thirty-one 
31 


is  on 

is  at 

has  drilled 

wants 

is  near 

will  damage 

run  down 

does  wait 

try 

is  steep 

is  heavy 

cannot  hold 

slips 

falls 

passes  over 


Miner  and  Laborer  Letting  Car  Down 
From  Face 


Laborer  Fallen  Under  Car 


A  MINER  RUNNING  A  CAR 

This  chamber  is  on  the  pitch. 

This  car  is  at  the  face  of  the  chamber. 

The  miner  has  drilled  a  hole. 

He  wants  to  fire  a  shot. 

The  car  is  too  near  the  face. 

The  shot  will  damage  the  car. 

The  car  must  be  run  down  from  the  face. 

The  miner  does  not  wait  for  the  runner  to  come. 

The  miner  and  laborer  try  to  let  the  car  down  themselves. 

The  road  is  very  steep. 

The  car  is  too  heavy  for  them. 

They  cannot  hold  it  back. 

The  laborer's  foot  slips. 

He  falls  under  the  car. 

The  car  passes  over  his  body. 


Where  is  this  chamber?  What  is  the  miner  going  to  do?  Can  he  leave 
the  car  at  the  face?  Does  he  wait  for  the  runner?  What  are  the  miner  and 
laborer  doing?  What  happens  to  the  laborer?  f 

MINER,  DON'T  RUN  CARS. 


Thirty-two 
32 


Miner  Waited  Until  Runner   Came 


THE  RUNNER  RUNNING  A  CAR  FOR  THE  MINER 


is  on 
is  ready 
is  near 
do  let 
to  move 
is  steep 
wait 
comes 
waits 
takes 

starts  down 
sprags 
stops 
are  safe 
is  away 
can  fire 


This  chamber  is  on  the  pitch. 

The  miner  is  ready  to  fire  a  shot. 

This  car  is  too  near  the  face. 

The  miner  and  laborer  do  not  let  the  car  down  themselves. 

It  is  not  safe  for  the  miner  to  move  the  car. 

The  grade  is  very  steep  and  the  car  is  very  heavy. 

They  wait  till  the  runner  comes. 

The  runner  comes  to  the  place. 

The  runner  waits  beside  the  track  ready  to  sprag  the  car. 

The  laborer  takes  the  blocks  from  before  the  wheels. 

The  car  starts  down  the  grade. 

The  runner  sprags  the  car. 

The  car  soon  stops. 

The  miner  and  laborer  are  both  safe. 

The  car  is  away  from  the  face. 

Now  the  miner  can  fire  the  shot. 


Do  the  miner  and  laborer  run  this  car?    Who  comes  to  run  the  car  for 
them?   What  is  the  work  of  the  runner? 


MINER,  ALWAYS  LET  THE  RUNNER  RUN  THE  CARS. 


Thirty-three 
33 


Driver  Riding  on  Bumper  With  Back 
Turned  Toward   Front 


Driver,  Knocked  From  Bumper,  Fallen 
Under  Car 

HELPER  RIDING  BACKWARD  ON  A  TRIP 

Here  is  a  door  on  the  roadway, 
is  open          :      The  door  is  open. 

is  coming     :      A  trip  of  cars  is  coming  along  the  road, 
passes  :      The  trip  passes  through  the  doorway, 

is  riding        :      The  helper  is  riding  on  the  front  end  of  the  trip, 
is   standing  :      He  is  standing  on  the  bumper. 

The  helper's  back  is  toward  the  door. 

There  is  a  sill  over  the  door. 
cannot  see   :      The  helper  cannot  see  the  sill, 
strikes  :      The  helper's  head  strikes  the  door  sill. 

is  knocked    :      He  is  knocked  from  the  bumper, 
falls  :      He  falls  before  the  trip, 

passes  :      The  trip  passes  over  his  body. 

Is  there  a  door  at  this  place?  What  is  coming  along  the  roadway? 
Where  is  the  helper  riding?  Is  the  helper  standing  on  the  bumper?  Is  his 
face  toward  the  door?  What  is  above  the  door?  Can  the  helper  see  the  door 
sill?  Does  his  head  strike  the  sill?  Is  he  knocked  from  the  bumper?  What 
happens  to  the  helper? 


HELPER,  DON'T  RIDE  BACKWARDS  ON  THE  TRIP. 


Thirty-four 
34 


Driver  Riding  on  Bumper  With  Face 
Turned  Forward 


IS  coming 
is  over 
is  on 

is  standing 
is  toward 
can  see 
passes 
stoops  over 
does  strike 
passes  on 
can  protect 


HELPER  RIDING  FORWARD  ON  A  TRIP 

A  trip  of  cars  is  coming  along  the  road. 

A  sill  is  over  the  door. 

The  helper  is  on  the  front  end  of  the  trip. 

He  is  standing  on  the  bumper. 

His  face  is  toward  the  door  now. 

He  can  see  the  door  sill. 

The  trip  passes  through  the  door. 

The  driver  stoops  over. 

His  head  does  not  strike  the  sill. 

He  passes  on  safely. 

When  the  driver  can  see  he  can  protect  himself. 


What  do  you  see  in  this  picture?  Is  the  trip  coming  through  the  door? 
Is  the  driver  riding  on  the  front  end  of  the  trip?  What  is  over  the  doorway? 
Can  the  driver  see  the  sill  now?  Does  the  driver  get  through  the  door  safely? 


HELPER,  ALWAYS  RIDE  WITH  YOUR  FACE  TOWARD  THE  FRONT. 


Thirty-five 
35 


Motor  Coming  Through  Doorway  With  Trip 
of  Cars 


Doorboy  Jumping  on  Motor  While  in  Motion 


is  coming 
there  is 
stays 
is  closed 
sounds 
opens 

moves  along 
jumps  off 
directs 
does  not  go 
gets  on 
moves 
tries 
falls 

runs  over 
is  killed 


Doorboy   Under    Motor 

DOORBOY  TRYING  TO  GET  ON  A  MOTOR 

The  motor  is  coming  along  the  roadway. 

There  is  a  door  on  the  gangway  road. 

A  doorboy  stays  by  the  door. 

The  door  is  closed. 

The  motorman  sounds  the  alarm. 

The  doorboy  opens  the  door. 

The  motor  moves  along  slowly. 

The  helper  jumps  off  to  one  side. 

The  helper  directs  the  doorboy  to  a  safe  place. 

The  boy  does  not  go  there. 

The  helper  gets  on  the  motor. 

The  motor  moves  more  rapidly. 

The  doorboy  tries  to  get  on  the  moving  motor. 

The  boy  falls  under  the  motor. 

The  motor  runs  over  the  boy. 

He  is  killed. 


What  is  on  the  gangway  road  here?  Who  stays  by  the  door?  What 
does  the  boy  do  when  a  triptcomes  along?  What  is  the  helper  doing  here? 
Does  the  boy  go  to  a  safe  place?  What  does  the  boy  try  to  do?  Does  the  boy 
get  on  the  motor?  What  happens  to  him? 

DOORBOY,  NEVER  TRY  TO  GET  ON  THE  MOTOR. 


Thirty-six 
36 


sounded 
opened 
comes 
jumps  off 
motions 
steps 
passes 
gets  on 
remains 
has  gone 
closes 

must   leave 
is  closed 
will  get 
is  safe 
sits  down 


Doorboy    Standing  in   Place   of    Safety 


Doorboy   Closing   Door  After   Trip 

DOORBOY  KEEPING  IN  A  SAFE  PLACE 

The  motorman  sounded  his  alarm. 

The  doorboy  opened  the  door. 

The  motor  comes  along  the  roadway. 

The  helper  jumps  off  the  motor. 

He  motions  the  doorboy  to  a  safe  place. 

The  doorboy  steps  behind  the  pillar. 

The  motor  passes  through  the  doorway. 

The  helper  gets  on  the  motor. 

The  doorboy  remains  in  the  safe  place  till  the  motor 

has  gone. 

Xow  the  doorboy  closes  the  door. 
He  must  not  leave  the  door  open. 
If  the  door  is  not  closed  some  of  the  miners 

will  get  no  air. 
The  boy  is  safe  now. 
He  sits  down  to  wait  until  another  trip  comes  along. 


What  does  the  doorboy  do  when  the  alarm  sounds?  Does  the  doorboy 
go  to  a  safe  place?  After  the  motor  passes  by  what  must  the  boy  do?  If  the 
door  is  not  closed  what  will  happen?  Is  the  boy  safe  now?  Should  the  door- 
boy  ever  try  to  get  on  a  moving  motor? 

DOORBOY,  ALWAYS  KEEP  IN  A  SAFE  PLACE. 


Thirty-seven 
37 


has  fired 

blown  out 

has  returned 

has  examined 

takes 

is  picking 

was  loosened 
is  picking 
falls 
crushes 


Miner  Picking  Out  "Stump"  After  a  Shot, 
Without  Testing  Roof 


Top-rock  Fallen  on  Miner 

MINER  WORKING  UNDER  BAD  TOP-ROCK 

The  miner  has  fired  a  shot  in  this  chamber. 

The  coal  has  been  blown  out. 

The  miner  has  returned  to  the  face  from  the  cross-cut. 

The  miner  has  not  examined  the  roof. 

The  miner  takes  his  pick  and  goes  under  the  bad  top-rock. 

The  miner  is  picking  out  a  large  "stump"  of  coal. 
The  top-rock  is  not  good. 

It  was  loosened  by  the  shot. 

While  the  miner  is  picking  out  the  coal  the  rock 

falls  on  him. 
The  fall  of  rock  crushes  and  kills  the  miner. 

This  was  not  a  careful  miner. 


Has  a  shot  been  fired  in  this  chamber?  Where  was  the  miner  when  the 
shot  went  off?  Did  the  miner  test  the  top-rock  when  he  returned  from  the 
cross-cut?  What  did  the  miner  do  when  he  came  back  to  the  face?  Was  the 
top-rock  safe?  What  happened  while  the  miner  was  picking  out  the  coal?  Was 
this  a  careful  miner? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  EXAMINE  THE  TOP-ROCK  AFTER  EVERY  SHOT. 


Thirty -eight 
38 


is  shown 
has  been  fired 
has  returned 
wants  to  pick 
examines 
finds 
makes 
can  make 
can  stand 
holds  up 
picks  out 

can  drill 
can  shoot 
is  shot 


Miner   Working    After    Having   Stood   Props 


Miner  Preparing  to  Blast  Down  Bad  Top 


MINER  MAKING  THE  CHAMBER  SAFE 

A  careful  miner  is  shown  here. 

A  shot  has  been  fired  in  this  chamber. 

The  miner  has  returned  from  the  cross-cut. 

The  miner  wants  to  pick  the  "stump"  of  coal. 

He  examines  the  top-rock  before  he  goes  under  it. 

He  finds  the  top-rock  is  not  safe. 

Before  he  goes  under  the  rock  he  makes  it  safe. 

The  miner  can  make  this  rock  safe  in  two  ways. 

The  miner  and  laborer  can  stand  a  heavy  prop  under  this  rock. 

The  prop  holds  up  the  rock. 

The  miner  now  picks  out  the  coal  in  safety. 

The  miner  and  laborer  can  drill  a  hole  in  this  top-rock. 

Then  the  miner  can  shoot  down  the  bad  rock. 

After  the  rock  is  shot  down  the  miner  goes  into  the  face  in  safety. 


What  -has  happened  in  this  chamber?  What  does  the  miner  want  to  do? 
Is  the  top-rock  good?  In  how  many  ways  can  the  miner  make  the  place  safe? 
What  other  way  can  the  miner  make  the  chamber  safe?  Is  this  miner  very 
careful? 

ALWAYS  BE  SURE  TO  MAKE  THE  TOP-ROCK  SAFE. 


Thirty-nine 
39 


Lighting  Squib  to  Fire  a  Shot 


Delayed  Shot  Goes  Off  Just  as  Miner  Returns 
to  Face 


MINER  RETURNING  TO  FACE  AFTER  A  "MISS  SHOT" 


has  drilled 
has  put 
is  lighting 
lights 
waits 
does  hear 
waits 

does  go  off 
returns 
to  examine 
goes  off 
is  killed 


The  miner  has  drilled  a  hole  in  the  face. 

He  has  put  in  the  powder  and  tamped  the  hole. 

Now  he  is  lighting  the  squib  with  the  touch  paper. 

After  the  miner  lights  the  squib  he  runs  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

He  waits  for  the  shot  to  go  off. 

He  does  not  hear  the  shot  go  off. 

The  miner  waits  at  the  cross-cut  about  fifteen  minutes. 

The  shot  does  not  go  off. 

The  miner  returns  to  the  face. 

The  miner  goes  to  examine  the  hole. 

The  shot  goes  off  in  the  miner's  face. 

He  is  instantly  killed  by  the  flying  coal. 


Has  the  miner  tamped  this  hole?  What  is  the  miner  doing  in  the  first 
picture?  After  he  lights  the  squib  what  will  the  miner  do?  Does  the  shot  go 
off  at  once?  How  long  does  the  miner  wait  at  the  cross-cut?  What  happens 
when  the  miner  goes  to  examine  the  hole?  Is  the  miner  killed? 

DON'T  GO  BACK  TO  THE  FACE  AFTER  A  "MISS  SHOT." 


Forty 
40 


Miner  Putting  Up  Notice  After  a  r<Miss  Shot 


Miner  Reporting  a  Miss-fire  Before  Going 
Home  for  the  Day 

MINER  GOING  HOME  AFTER  A  "MISS  SHOT" 

has  lighted  The  miner  has  lighted  the  squib. 

went  back  He  went  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

waited  He  waited  about  fifteen  minutes  at  the  cross-cut. 

go  off  The  shot  did  not  go  off. 

does  return  The  miner  does  not  return  to  the  face. 

gets  The  miner  gets  his  coat  and  dinner  pail  and  goes  home. 

tells  The  miner  tells  the  men  in  the  next  chambers  that  there  is  a  miss-fire. 

puts  At  the  entrance  to  the  chamber  he  puts  a  board  across  the  road. 

This  board  is  three  feet  from  the  ground, 

writes  The  miner  writes  on  the  board  with   chalk,  "Keep  out — Danger — 

Miss-shot." 

goes  The  miner  then  goes  to  the  foreman's  office. 

reports  He  reports  to  the  foreman  or  fire-boss. 

goes  home  The  miner  goes  home, 

works  He  works  no  more  that  day. 

goes  off  If  the  shot  goes  off  now  it  can  hurt  no  one. 

What  did  the  miner  do  after  he  lighted  the  squib?  Did  the  shot  go  off? 
How  long  did  he  wait  at  the  cross-cut?  What  did  he  do  after  he  waited  about 
fifteen  minutes?  What  did  he  put  across  the  road  at  the  entrance  to  the 
chamber?  What  did  he  write  on  the  board?  To  whom  did  he  report  at  the 
office?  Did  the  miner  go  home?  Did  he  work  any  more  that  day? 

ALWAYS  GO  HOME  AFTER  A  MISS-SHOT. 


Forty-one 
41 


Miner  Shortening  Squib 


Miner   Lighting  Shortened  Squib 


has  drilled 

has  prepared 

takes 

sits  down 

shortens 

go  off 

tamps 

puts 

lights 

starts 

does  not  get 

burns 

goes  off 

hits 

is  killed 


Miner  Shot  in  Back 
SHORTENING  A  SQUIB 

The  miner  has  drilled  a  hole  in  the  face. 
He  has  prepared  the  cartridge. 
Now  he  takes  a  squib  out  of  the  box. 
He  sits  down  and  shortens  the  squib. 

He  shortens  the  squib  because  he  wants  to  save  time. 

The  shot  will  go  off  quicker  with  a  short  squib. 

The  miner  puts  the  squib  in  a  dry  place  while  he  tamps  the  hole. 

He  puts  the  shortened  squib  in  the  hole. 

He  lights  the  squib  with  the  touch  paper. 

He  starts  to  run  to  the  cross-cut. 

He  does  not  get  to  the  cross-cut. 

The  squib  burns  too  quickly. 

The  shot  goes  off. 

The  flying  coal  hits  the  miner  in  the  back. 

The  miner  is  killed  by  the  flying  coal. 


Is  this  hole  ready  to  tamp?  What  is  the  miner  doing  to  the  squib? 
Does  he  put  the  shortened  squib  into  the  hole?  After  he  lights  the  squib  what 
does  he  do?  Does  the  miner  get  to  the  cross-cut?  What  happens  to  the  miner? 

DON'T  SHORTEN  YOUR  SQUIB. 


Forty-two 
42 


Miner  Flagging  Squib 


is  ready 
has  made 
takes 
sits  down 
unrolls 
examines 

does   shorten 

puts 

lights 

runs  back 

burns 

has  time 

waits 

goes  off 

returns 

is  safe 


FLAGGING  A  SQUIB 

This  miner  is  ready  to  tamp  a  hole. 

He  has  made  the  cartridge  ready. 

He  takes  a  squib  out  of  the  box. 

He  sits  down  on  the  bench. 

He  unrolls  the  end  of  the  squib. 

The  miner  examines  the  squib  to  see  if  any  powder  is  in  the  end 

of  it. 

The  miner  does  not  shorten  the  squib. 
The  miner  puts  the  squib  into  the  hole. 
He  lights  the  squib  with  the  touch  paper. 
He  runs  back  to  the  cross-cut. 
The  squib  burns  slowly  now. 
The  miner  has  plenty  of  time. 

After  the  miner  gets  to  the  cross-cut  he  waits  a  few  minutes. 
The  shot  goes  off. 
The  miner  returns  to  the  face. 
The  miner  is  safe. 


Did  this  miner  shorten  his  squib?  What  did  this  miner  do  to  the  squib? 
Was  he  sure  the  squib  would  burn  a  few  minutes?  Did  the  miner  have  plenty 
of  time  to  reach  the  cross-cut?  Was  the  miner  safe? 


ALWAYS  FLAG  YOUR  SQUIB  BUT  NEVER  SHORTEN  IT. 


Forty-three 
43 


Miner  Preparing  Two  Holes 


Miner  Lighting  Two  Holes 


have  drilled 

has  been  tamped 

are  tamping 

is  tamped 

has  lighted 

is  lighting 

go  back 

hear 

thinks 

goes  into 

gets 

is  killed 


Miner  Returning  to  Face  in  Time  to  be  Caught 
by  Second  Shot 


FIRING  TWO  HOLES 

The  miner  and  laborer  have  drilled  two  holes. 

The  hole  behind  the  miner  has  been  tamped. 

The  miner  and  laborer  are  tamping  the  other  hole. 

When  this  hole  is  tamped  both  needles  are  drawn  out. 

The  miner  has  lighted  one  squib. 

Now  he  is  lighting  the  second  squib. 

The  miner  and  laborer  go  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

They  soon  hear  a  shot  go  off. 

The  miner  thinks  both  shots  went  off  at  the  same  time. 

The  miner  goes  into  the  face. 

"When  the  miner  gets  to  the  face  the  second  shot  goes  off. 

The  miner  is  killed  by  the  flying  coal. 


What  have  the  miner  and  laborer  done?  Where  is  the  second  hole? 
Does  the  miner  light  both  squibs  at  the  same  time?  What  does  the  miner  hear 
from  the  cross-cut?  Have  both  shots  gone  off?  What  happens  when  the 
miner  goes  back  to  the  face? 

NEVER  FIRE  MORE  THAN  ONE  SHOT  AT  A  TIME. 


Forty-fou  • 

44 


Miner  Firing  One   Hole 


Miner  Drilling  Second  Hole  After  Firing 
First  One 


is  working 

wants 

drills 

is  put 

tamp 

lights 

goes  off 

returns 

drills 

tamps 

drilled 

blown  out 

are  safe 

was  danger 


FIRING  ONE  HOLE  AT  A  TIME 

Here  is  a  careful  miner. 

He  is  working  in  the  face. 

He  wants  to  fire  two  shots. 

He  drills  one  hole  into  the  face  on  one  side  of  the  chamber. 

The  cartridge  is  then  put  into  this  hole. 

The  miner  and  the  laborer  tamp  this  hole. 

The  miner  lights  the  squib  and  goes  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

The  shot  goes  off. 

The  miner  returns  to  the  face  and  drills  another  hole  in  the  other  side 

of  the  chamber. 

He  then  tamps  and  fires  this  hole. 
Now  both  holes  have  been  drilled  and  fired. 
The  coal  is  blown  out  on  both  sides  of  the  chamber  now. 
The  miner  and  laborer  are  both  safe. 
There  was  no  danger  from  firine  here. 


What  kind  of  a  miner  is  this?  Did  he  fire  two  shots  at  one  time?  Why 
did  he  fire  the  shots  at  different  times?  Is  it  safer  to  drill  a  hole  and  then  fire 
it,  or  to  drill  two  holes  and  fire  them  at  the  same  time?  After  the  first  shot 
what  did  the  'miner  do?  Did  any  accident  happen  to  the  miner  and  laborer  here? 

ALWAYS  FIRE  ONE  SHOT  AT  A  TIME. 


forty-five 
45 


Forcing  Cartridge  Into   Hole  With  Drill 


Cartridge    Exploded    and    Miner    Injured 


is  small 

will  make 

drilled 

tries 

does  go 

cannot  push 

gets 

tries 

strikes 

flies 

sets  off 

is  near 

goes  off 

thrown   back 

are  burned 


FORCING  CARTRIDGE  INTO  A  SMALL  HOLE 

The  miner's  drill  is  too  small  at  the  sharp  end. 

This  drill  will  not  make  a  hole  large  enough  for  the  cartridge. 

The  miner  drilled  a  hole  with  this  drill. 

The  miner  tries  to  put  a  cartridge  into  the  hole. 

The  cartridge  does  not  go  into  the  hole  easily. 

The  miner  cannot  push  the  cartridge  into  the  hole  with  his  hands. 

He  gets  the  drill. 

He  tries  to  force  the  cartridge  into  the  hole  with  the  drill. 

The  drill  strikes  a  spark. 

The  spark  flies  into  the  powder. 

This  spark  sets  off  the  powder. 

The  miner  is  very  near  the  hole. 

The  powder  goes  off  in  the  miner's  face. 

The  miner  is  thrown  back  against  the  gob. 

His  hands  and  face  are  badly  burned. 


What  is  the  matter  with  this  miner's  drill?  Does  the  drill  make  a  hole 
large  enough  for  the  cartridge?  How  does  the  miner  try  to  force  the  car- 
tridge? Does  the  drill  strike  a  spark?  What  does  the  spark  do  to  the  powder? 
Is  it  safe  to  force  the  powder  with  a  drill? 


Forty-six 
46 


Fire-boss  Gauging  Drill 


Fire-boss    Ordering   Miner    Out   to    Have 
Drill  Sharpened 


is  small 
finds 
takes 
measures 
is  not 
can  make 


sends 

makes 

drills 

is 

pushes 

is  safe 


Miner  Putting  Cartridge  Into  Proper 
Sized   Hole 

HAVING  DRILL  MADE  "UP  TO  GAUGE" 

This  miner's  drill  is  too  small  at  the  sharp  end. 

The  fire-boss  finds  him  using  the  drill. 

The  fire-boss  takes  a  gauge  from  his  pocket. 

He  measures  the  drill  with  the  gauge. 

The  end  of  the  drill  is  not  large  enough. 

The  miner  cannot  make  a  hole  large  enough  for  the  cartridge  with 

this  drill. 

The  fire-boss  sends  the  miner  out  to  the  blacksmith  with  the  drill. 
The  blacksmith  makes  the  drill  the  right  size. 
The  miner  drills  a  hole  with  the  drill  now. 
This  hole  is  large  enough. 
The  miner  pushes  the  cartridge  into  the  hole  easily  now  with  the 

needle. 
The  cartridge  is  in  the  hole  and  the  miner  is  safe. 


What  is  the  fire-boss  doing?  What  is  wrong  with  the  drill?  Where 
does  the  fire-boss  send  the  miner  with  the  drill?  What  does  the  blacksmith 
do  with  the  drill?  Can  the  miner  make  a  large  enough  hole  now?  How  does 
the  miner  put  the  cartridge  into  the  hole  now?  Is  he  safe  now? 

ALWAYS  BE  SURE  YOUR  DRILL  IS  THE  RIGHT  SIZE. 


Forty-seven 

47 


Miner   Firing   Shot 


Miner  Coming  Through  Cross  Cut  Caught  by  Blast 
FAILURE  TO  GIVE  WARNING  WHEN  READY  TO  FIRE 


has  drilled 
have  tamped 
is  ready 
does  not  send 

does  know 

is  lighting 

runs  back 

comes  through 

goes  of? 

is  killed 

returns 

finds 

should  have  told 

was  ready 


This  is  not  a  safe  miner. 

He  has  drilled  a  hole  in  the  bottom  coal. 

He  and  the  laborer  have  tamped  the  hole. 

The  miner  is  ready  to  fire  the  shot. 

He  does  not  send  the  laborer  into  the  next  chamber  to  tell  them 

he  is  going  to  fire. 
The  miner  in   the  next  chamber  does  not  know  this  mincer   is 

going  to  fire. 

The  miner  is  lighting-  the  squib  with  touch  paper. 
This  miner  runs  back  to  the  cross-cut. 

The  miner  from  the  next  chamber  comes  through  to  the  face. 
The  shot  goes  off. 

The  miner  from  the  next  chamber  is  killed  by  the  flying  coal. 
The  miner  of  this  chamber  returns  to  the  face  from  the  cross-cut. 
He  finds  the  other  miner  killed  near  the  face. 
This  miner  should  have  told  the  other  miner  he 

was  ready  to  fire. 


What  is  the  miner  doing  now?  Has  he  sent  the  laborer  to  tell  the 
miners  in  the  next  chambers?  Does  the  miner  in  the  next  chamber  know  a 
shot  is  being  fired?  Does  the  other  miner  come  through  the  cross-cut?  What 
happens  to  him  when  the  shot  goes  off? 

DON'T  FIRE  UNTIL  YOU  NOTIFY  THE  MEN  IN  THE  NEXT  CHAMBERS. 

Forty-eight 


Sending    Laborer    to    Notify    Men    in  Adjoining  Chambers 


Laborer  Warning  Miner  in  Adjoining  Chamber 


has  tamped 

is  ready 

tells 

tells 

is  firing 

lights 

know 

come   through 

goes  off 

is  hurt 

comes  back 

must  let 


GIVING  WARNING  WHEN  READY  TO  FIRE 

This  miner  has  tamped  a  hole. 

He  is  now  ready  to  light  the  squib. 

He  first  tells  the  laborer  to  go  into  the  next  chambers. 

The  laborer  tells  the  men  in  the  next  chamber  that  his  miner 

is  firing. 
The  miner  lights  the  squib  and  runs  back  to  the  cross-cut  shouting, 

"Fire!    Fire!" 

The  men  in  the  next  chambers  know  a  shot  is  being  fired  here. 
They  do  not  come  through  the  cross-cut  into  this  chamber. 
The  shot  goes  off. 
No  one  is  hurt. 

The  miner  comes  back  to  the  face. 
The  miner  must  let  the  men  in  the  next  chambers  know  when  he  is 

ready  to  fire. 


What  is  this  miner  ready  to  do?  Where  does  he  send  the  laborer?  What 
does  the  laborer  tell  the  men  in  the  next  chamber?  Do  the  other  miners  come 
through  the  cross-cut  now?  Where  does  the  miner  go?  Is  anyone  hurt  when 
the  shot  goes  off? 


ALWAYS  NOTIFY  THE  MEN  IN  THE  NEXT 

FIRE. 


CHAMBER    BEFORE    YOU 


Forty-nine 
49 


Miner  Preparing  Cartridge  With  Lamp  on  Head 


Powder  Exploded 


has  come 
has 

takes  out 
prepares 
drops 
sets  off 
goes  off 
is  killed 

prepares 
came  back 
took 

put  away 
prepares 
can  fall 
is  safe 


Preparing    Cartridge    With    Lamp    at    a    Safe   Distance 

PREPARING  A  CARTRIDGE 
(Wrong  Way  and  Right  Way) 

The  miner  has  come  to  the  box  to  get  his  powder. 

He  has  his  lamp  on  his  cap. 

He  takes  the  cartridge  out  of  the  can. 

The  miner  prepares  the  cartridge  with  the  lighted  lamp  above  it. 

A  spark  drops  from  the  light  into  the  powder. 

The  spark  sets  off  the  powder. 

The  cartridge  goes  off  in  the  miner's  hands. 

He  is  killed. 

In  the  last  picture  the  miner  prepares  the  cartridge  in  the  safe  way. 

Here  the  miner  came  back  to  the  box. 

He  took  the  lamp  off  his  cap. 

He  put  the  lamp  five  feet  away. 

Now  the  miner  prepares  the  cartridge. 

No  sparks  can  fall  into  the  powder  now. 

The  miner  is  safe  here. 


Where  is  the  lamp  in  the  first  picture?  Can  a  spark  fall  into  the  car- 
tridge? What  happens  while  the  miner  prepares  the  cartridge?  In  the  last  pic- 
ture where  is  the  lamp?  How  far  must  the  lamp  be  from  the  powder?  Is  this 
miner  safe? 

ALWAYS  KEEP  THE  LAMP  FIVE  FEET  FROM  THE  POWDER. 


Fifty 
50 


Putting   Cotton  in   Lamp,   Using   Old   Cotton 
for  Light 


Powder  in  Box  Exploding.     Miner  Injured 


keeps 
comes 
takes  out 
is  putting 
is  burning 
falls 
sets  off 
is  blown 

is  putting 
has 
lights 
puts 
can  get 


Miner  Putting  in  New  Cotton  at  a  Safe    Distance    from   Box 


PUTTING  IN  A  NEW  COTTON. 
(Wrong  Way  and  Right  Way) 

The  miner  keeps  his  cotton  and  powder  in  the  box. 

He  comes  to  the  box  for  a  new  cotton. 

He  takes  the  old  cotton  out  of  the  lamp  and  lays  it  on  the  box. 

He  is  now  putting  a  new  cotton  into  the  lamp. 

The  old  cotton  is  still  burning. 

A  spark  falls  from  the  old  cotton  into  the  box. 

The  spark  sets  off  the  powder  in  the  box. 

The  box  is  blown  to  pieces  and  the  miner  is  killed. 

In  the  last  picture  the  miner  is  putting  in  new  cotton  in  the  right  way. 

This  miner  has  two  lamps. 

He  lights  one  lamp  and  puts  it  on  the  ground  five  feet  from  the  box. 

Now  he  puts  a  new  cotton  in  the  other  lamp. 

No  sparks  can  get  into  the  box  now  and  the  miner  is  safe. 


What  is  this  miner  doing?    Where  does  the  first  miner  put  his  old  cot- 
ton?   What  is  in  the  box?    What  happens? 

How  does  the  second  miner  make  light  for  himself?    Where  does  he  set 
the  lamp? 

ALWAYS  KEEP  YOUR  LIGHT  AWAY  FROM  THE  BOX. 


Fifty-one 
51 


Thawing  Dynamite  with  Lamp 


Dynamite  Exploded 


is  ready 
has  gone 
is  frozen 
cannot  use 
must  thaw 
holds 
makes 
explodes 

shows 

brought 

puts 

thaws 

does  become 

is  safe 

does  explode 


Thawing  Dynamite  with  Manure 


THAWING  FROZEN  DYNAMITE 
(Wrong  Way  and  Right  Way) 

The  miner  is  ready  to  blast  some  rock. 

He  has  gone  for  his  dynamite. 

The  dynamite  is  frozen. 

The  miner  cannot  use  frozen  dynamite. 

He  must  thaw  the  dynamite  first. 

He  holds  his  lamp  under  the  stick  of  dynamite  to  thaw  it. 

The  light  makes  the  dynamite  too  hot. 

The  dynamite  explodes  and  kills  the  miner. 

The  third  picture  shows  a  careful  miner. 

He  brought  a  keg  of  manure  from  the  barn. 

He  puts  his  dynamite  in  the  manure. 

The  heat  from  the  manure  thaws  the  dynamite. 

The  dynamite  does  not  become  too  hot. 

The  miner  is  safe  now. 

The  dynamite  does  not  explode. 


Is  it  right  to  thaw  dynamite  with  a  lamp?  What  happens  when  he 
thaws  the  dynamite  with  a  lamp?  How  does  the  last  miner  thaw  dynamite? 
Is  there  heat  in  the  manure?  Can  the  dynamite  explode  in  the  manure? 

DON'T  THAW  DYNAMITE  WITH  A  LAMP. 


Fifty-two 
52 


Miner  and  Laborer  Sitting  on  Box  Smoking 


Powder  in  Box  Exploded.     Men  Are  Killed 


SMOKING  ON  THE  BOX 


have   come 
sit 
get 

smoke 
are  ready 
knocks 
is  fire 
falls  from 
gets   into 
is   blown 
was  safe 


The  miner  and  laborer  have  come  back  to  the  box. 

They  sit  on  the  box. 

They  get  their  pipes  to  have  a  smoke. 

They  smoke  and  talk  for  some  time. 

They  are  ready  to  go  back  to  work. 

The  miner  knocks  the  ashes  out  of  his  pipe  on  top  of  the  box. 

There  is  still  some  fire  in  the  ashes. 

A  spark  falls  from  the  "ashes  into  the  box. 

The  spark  gets  into  the  powder. 

The  box  is  blown  to  pieces  and  the  men  are  both  killed. 

It  was  not  safe  for  the  men  to  smoke  on  the  box. 


What  are  these  men  doing?  Where  are  they  sitting?  What  is  in  the 
box?  When  they  are  done  smoking  what  does  the  miner  do?  Is  there  some 
fire  still  in  the  ashes?  What  falls  into  the  box?  Does  this  spark  set  the 
powder  off?  What  happens  to  these  men?  Were  these  men  careful? 

NEVER  HAVE  FIRE  NEAR  YOUR  POWDER  BOX. 


nfty-three 
53 


Crossing  Trip  of  Cars  with  Keg  of  Powder  on 
Shoulder 


Miner  Thrown  Between  Cars  as  Result  of 
Shock 


is  taking 
is   carrying 

is  standing 
must  get 
crosses  over 
touches 
is  knocked 
is  hurt 


is   carrying  : 

carries  : 

does   cross   : 
walks  : 

comes  back: 


Miner  Walking  Around  End  of  Trip.    Powder  Keg  Under  His  Arm 
CROSSING  OVER  A  TRIP  OF  CARS 

This  miner  is  taking-  a  can  of  powder  into  his  chamber. 

He  is  carrying  the  powder  on  his  shoulder. 

There  is  a  trolley  wire  over  the  road. 

A  trip  of  cars  is  standing  on  the  road. 

The  miner  must  get  on  the  other  side  of  the  cars. 

He  crosses  over  the  trip  with  the  can  on  his  shoulder. 

The  can  touches  the  wire. 

The  miner  is  knocked  down  between  the  cars. 

He  is  badly  hurt. 

In  the  third  picture  is  another  miner. 

This  miner  is  carrying  a  can  of  powder. 

There  is  a  trip  of  cars  in  his  way. 

This  miner  carries  the  powder  under  his  arm. 

He  does  not  cross  over  the  trip. 

He  walks  around  the  end  of  the  trip. 

He  comes  back  on  the  other  side. 

He  is  a  careful  miner. 


How  did  the  first  man  carry  his  keg  of  powder?  Did  he  cross  over  the 
trip?  What  happened  to  him?  How  did  the  second  man  carry  his  keg?  Did 
he  walk  around  the  trip  or  cross  over?  Which  was  the  better  way? 

IT  IS  NEVER  SAFE  TO  CROSS  OVER  A  TRIP  OF  CARS. 


Fifty-four 
54 


Miner  with  Drill  on  Shoulder  Walking  Under 
Trolley  Wire 


Drill  Struck  Wire.    Miner  Thrown  to  Ground 


Carrying   Drill  in   Hand  by   Side 

MINER  CARRYING  A  DRILL  ON  HIS  SHOULDER 

is  walking  This  miner  is  walking  along  the  road. 

there  is  There  is  a  trolley  wire  over  the  road. 

is  carrying  The  miner  is  carrying  a  drill  on  his  shoulder. 

Walks  under  The  miner  walks  under  the  trolley  wire  with  his  drill. 

strikes  His  drill  strikes  the  trolley  wire. 

passes  The  electricity  passes  through  the  drill  to  the  man. 

is  shocked  The  man  is  shocked. 

is  knocked  He  is  knocked  to  the  ground. 

hurts  The  shock  hurts  the  man. 


is  walking 
is  carrying 
can  touch 
passes  under 
does  receive 


In  picture  three  the  miner  is  walking  under  the  trolley  wire. 
He  is  carrying  his  drill  in  his  hand  by  his  side. 
The  drill  cannot  touch  the  wire  now. 
The  miner  passes  under  the  wire  safely. 
He  does  not  receive  a  shock. 


How»is  the  miner  carrying  the  drill  in  the  first  picture?  What  happens  in 
the  first  picture?  What  happens  when  the  drill  strikes  the  wire? 

How  does  the  miner  carry  the  drill  in  the  third  picture?  Is  this  man  hurt? 
Which  is  the  best  way  to  carry  the  drill? 

DON'T  CARRY  A  DRILL  ON  YOUR  SHOULDER. 


Fifty-five 
55 


Going  on  Cage  with   Drill  on   Shoulder  and 
Guard  Rail  Up 


Drill  Catches  in  Roof  as  Cage  is  Hoisted 


is  at 

are  going 
get  on 
has 
gets 

is  given 
gives 
is  down 
begins 
catches 
does  stop 
held  fast 
is  pulled 
falls  back 
is  hurt 


Miner  Thrown  Off  Cage  to  Foot  of  Shaft 
MINER  ON  CAGE  WITH  DRILL  ON  HIS  SHOULDER 

The  cage  is  at  the  foot. 

These  men  are  going  home. 

The  men  get  on  the  cage. 

One  man  has  a  drill  on  his  shoulder. 

When  he  gets  on  the  cage  he  does  not  take  the  drill  off  his  shoulder. 

The  signal  is  given  the  engineer. 

The  engineer  gives  the  return  signal. 

The  guard  rail  is  not  down. 

The  cage  begins  to  go  up. 

The  end  of  the  drill  catches  under  the  roof. 

The  cage  does  not  stop. 

The  drill  is  held  fast. 

The  miner  is  pulled  from  the  cage. 

The  miner  falls  back  to  the  foot  of  the  shaft. 

He  is  badly  hurt  from  the  fall. 


What  do  we  see  at  the  foot  of  the  shaft?  Where  are  these  men  going? 
What  is  on  one  miner's  shoulder?  Does  he  take  the  drill  off  his  shoulder  when 
he  gets  on  the  cage?  Is  the  guard  rail  let  down?  What  happens  after  the  cage 
starts  to  go  up?  Is  the  miner  pulled  off  the  cage?  Is  he  hurt? 

FOOTMAN,  DON'T  GIVE  THE  SIGNAL  UNTIL  EVERYTHING 

IS  ALL  RIGHT. 


Fifty-six 
56 


is  at 

have  finished 
have  gone 
takes  off 
stands 
is  down 
stands 
are  given 
begins  to  go 
cannot   catch 
can  fall 
are  safe 
comes  to 
step  off 
go  home 


On  Cage  with  Drill  on  End  and  Guard  Rail  Down 


Men  Land  Safely  at  Top  of  Shaft 

MINERS  ON  CAGE  PROPERLY 

The  cage  is  at  the  foot  of  the  shaft. 

The  men  have  finished  the  day's  work  and  are  going  home. 

They  have  gone  on  the  cage. 

The  man  with  the  drill  takes  it  off  his  shoulder. 

He  stands  the  drill  on  end  by  his  side. 

The  guard  rail  is  put  down. 

The  drill  stands  inside  the  guard  rail. 

The  signal  and  the  return  signal  are  given. 

The  cage  begins  to  go  up. 

Now  the  drill  cannot  catch  in  the  roof. 

No  one  can  fall  off  now  because  the  guard  rail  is  down. 

The  men  are  safe  now. 

The  cage  comes  to  the  landing. 

The  men  step  off  the  cage. 

They  go  safely  home. 


Where  are  these  men  going?  Where  are  they  now?  Has  the  man  taken 
the  drill  off  his  shoulder?  Where  does  he  stand  the  drill?  Is  the  guard  rail 
put  down?  Can  the  drill  catch  in  the  roof  now?  Do  the  men  come  safely  to 
the  landing? 

FOOTMAN,   ALWAYS    MAKE   EVERYTHING  SAFE  BEFORE  YOU  GIVE 

THE  SIGNAL. 


Fifty-seven 
57 


Taking  Up   Track  in   Old  Workings 


Sitting  Down  to  Eat  Dinner  in  Old  Workings 
Without   Examining   Roof 


Injured  by  Fall  of  Rock 


are 

has  been  worked 

there  is 

is  taking  up 

has  been  working 

gets 

does  not  examine 

has  been  tested 

is  not  good 
falls  down 
is  killed 


Here  are  old  workings. 

The  coal  has  all  been  worked  out. 

There  is  one  of  the  track-layers. 

He  is  taking  up  an  old  track. 

He  has  been  working  a  long  time  and  is  hungry. 

He  gets  his  dinner  pail  and  sits  down  to  eat. 

He  does  not  examine  the  roof. 

The  timbers  are  old  and  the  roof  has  not  been  tested  for  a 

long  time. 

The  roof  is  not  good. 
A  rock  falls  down  and  hits  the  man. 
The  track-layer  is  killed. 


Where  is  this  man  working?  Has  all  the  coal  been  taken  out?  What  is 
this  man  doing?  What  do  you  call  the  man  who  lays  track?  Is  the  track- 
layer hungry?  Does  he  examine  the  roof  before  he  sits  down  to  eat?  Is  the 
roof  bad  here?  What  happens  while  the  man  is  eating? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  BE  CAREFUL  WHEN  IN  OLD  WORKINGS. 


Fifty-eight 
58 


Taking   Up   Track  in   Old  Workings 


Examining  Roof  in  Old  Workings 


Eating  His>  Dinner  in  Safety 


CAREFUL  WORKMAN  IN  OLD  WORKINGS 


here  is 

has  been  working 

wishes 

thinks 

examines 

finds 

there  is 

sits  down 

this  is 


Here  is  another  track-layer. 

He  has  been  working  in  some  old  workings. 

He  wishes  to  eat  his  dinner. 

He  thinks  the  roof  may  not  be  safe. 

He  examines  the  roof  carefully  before  he  sits  down. 

He  finds  this  place  is  safe. 

There  is  no  loose  rock. 

He  sits  down  and  is  safe. 

This  is  a  careful  workman. 


Who  do  we  see  in  this  picture?  Is  he  working  in  old  workings?  What 
does  he  do  before  he  sits  down  to  eat?  Is  the  roof  good?  Can  he  sit  down 
now  in  safety?  Is  this  a  careful  workman? 

ALWAYS  BE  CAREFUL  WHEN  IN  OLD  WORKINGS. 


Fifty-nine 


Miner  Getting  Lamp  at  Lamp-House 


Descending  Into  Mine 


Miner  at  Fire-boss'  Shanty 


Miner  Taking  Off  Coat  at  a  Box 


is  going 
works 
must  use 
has  come 
gives 
gets  on 
let  down 
comes 
has 

is  in 
tells 

walks  along 
goes  along 
takes  off 
is  on 
is  ready 


NAKED  LAMP  IN  A  GASSY  CHAMBER 

This  miner  is  going  to  work. 

He  works  where  there  is  gas. 

He  must  use  a  safety  lamp  when  he  is  at  work. 

Here  he  has  come  to  the  lamp  room. 

The  lamp  man  gives  him  a  Davy  safety  lamp. 

The  miner  then  gets  on  the  cage. 

He  is  being  let  down  into  the  mine. 

At  the  foot  of  the  shaft  he  comes  to  the  fire-boss'  shanty. 

The  miner  has  a  lighted  lamp  on  his  cap  and  the  safety  lamp  on  his 

arm. 

The  fire-boss  is  in  the  doorway. 
The  fire-boss  tells  the  miner  that  there  is  gas  in  his  chamber  and  he 

must  not  go  in  with  the  naked  light. 

The  miner  walks  along  the  gangway  until  he  comes  to  the  branch. 
He  goes  along  the  roadway  to  his  box. 
He  takes  off  his  coat  and  leaves  it  at  the  box. 
The  naked  light  is  still  on  the  miner's  cap. 
The  miner  is  now  ready  for  work. 


Is  there  gas  in  this  miner's  chamber?  What  kind  of  a  lamp  must  he  use 
where  there  is  gas?  Where  does  he  get  his  safety  lamp?  What  does  the  fire- 
boss  tell  him?  Does  he  leave  the  naked  lamp  at  the  box? 

DON'T  FAIL  TO  LEAVE  YOUR  OPEN  LAMP  AT  THE  BOX. 


Sixty 
CO 


Miner  Going  from  Box  to   Face  with  Safety 
and  Naked  Lamps 


Miner  at  Face  with  Naked  Lamp  on  His  Head 


Explosion  of  Gas  at  Face 


Injured  Miner  Receiving  First  Aid  Treatment 


goes 
carries 

begins 

hold 

is  useless 

arrives 
burning 
does  test 
burns 
there  is 
sets  off 
there  is 
is  burned 

put 

is  taken 


NAKED  LAMP  IN  A  GASSY  CHAMBER— (Continued) 

The  miner  goes  from  the  box  to  the  face. 

He  carries  the  safety  lamp  in  his  hand  and  the  naked  light  is  still 

on  his  cap. 

Gas  always  begins  to  collect  near  the  roof. 
It  is  dangerous  to  hold  an  open  light  near  the  roof. 
The  safety  lamp  is  useless  if  you  keep  a  naked  light  burning  near 

the  roof. 

The  miner  arrives  at  the  face. 
The  naked  light  is  still  burning  near  the  roof. 
The  miner  does  not  test  for  gas  with  the  safety  lamp. 
The  safety  lamp  burns  with  a  long  blue  flame  when  in  gas. 
There  is  gas  near  the  roof  in  this  chamber. 
The  open  light  sets  off  the  gas. 
There  is  an  explosion. 
The  miner  is  badly  burned. 

The  "first  aid"  men  carry  the  miner  to  the  shanty. 
They  put  oil  and  bandages  on  his  burns. 
He  is  then  taken  to  the  hospital. 


DON'T  CARRY  AN  OPEN  LIGHT  WHERE  THERE  IS  GAS. 


Sixty-one 
61 


Miner  Leaving  Coat,  Dinner  Pail,  and  Naked 
Lamp  at  Box 


Miner  Going  from  Box  to  Face  Without 
Naked  Lamp 


works 
told 
leaves 
walks  along 

comes 
tests 
finds 
burns 
knows 
works 

does  set  off 
is  safe 
this  is 


Miner  Testing   for   Gas   at  Face  with   Safety 
Lamp 


SAFETY  LAMP  IN  A  GASSY  CHAMBER 

This  miner  works  in  a  "gassy"  chamber. 

The  fire-boss  told  him  to  use  a  safety  lamp. 

The  miner  leaves  his  coat,  dinner  pail,  and  naked  lamp  at  the  box. 

He  walks  along  the  roadway  to  the  face  carrying  a  safety  lamp  in  his 

hand. 

He  comes  to  the  face. 
He  tests  for  gas  with  his  safety  lamp. 
He  finds  there  is  some  gas  near  the  roof. 
The  safety  lamp  burns  with  a  long  blue  flame. 
This  miner  knows  there  is  gas  in  the  chamber. 
He  works  by  the  light  of  the  safety  lamp. 
He  does  not  set  off  the  gas. 
He  is  safe. 
This  is  a  very  careful  miner. 


What  kind  of  a  chamber  is  this?  What  kind  of  a  lamp  must  the  miner 
use  where  there  is  gas?  Where  does  he  leave  the  naked  lamp?  Does  he  test 
for  gas  when  he  goes  to  the  face?  What  kind  of  flame  has  a  safety  lamp  when 
in  gas?  Is  this  a  careful  miner? 

ALWAYS  USE  A  SAFETY  LAMP  WHERE  THERE  IS  GAS. 


Sixty-two 
62 


want 

can  do 

cannot  vote 

are  passed 

intend 

be  naturalized 

will  be 

it  is 

costs 

do  not  need 

must  go 


will  find 


HOW  TO  BECOME  AN  AMERICAN  CITIZEN 

Do  you  want  to  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? 

There  are  some  things  which  no  one  but  a  citizen  can  do. 

A  man  cannot  vote  unless  he  is  a  citizen. 

Many  good  laws  are  passed  for  citizens  only. 

Do  you  intend  to  live  in  this  country  always? 

If  you  do,  you  should  be  naturalized. 

Your  wife  and  young  children  will  then  be  citizens  also. 

It  is  not  hard  to  get  citizenship  papers. 

It  costs  five  dollars  and  you  must  be  in  the  country  five  years. 

You  do  not  need  to  have  a  lawyer. 

You  must  go  either  to  the  Court  House  or  to  the  United  States 

District  Court  in  the  Post  Office  at  Scranton,  Pa. 
There  you  will  find  a  clerk  to  help  you. 


Can  you  vote  if  you  are  not  a  citizen?  Do  citizens  have  some  privileges 
which  others  do  not?  Should  you  be  naturalized  if  you  remain  in  this  country? 
Do  you  need  to  have  a  lawyer  help  you?  Where  must  you  go  to  get  your 
citizenship  papers? 


Sixty-three 


Facts  for  Declaration  of  Intention 

Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor 

Naturalization  Service 

Washington,  D.  C. 


Name  : Age  : years 

Occupation :    

Color :    Complexion  :   

Height :    feet inches.     Weight :    pounds. 

Color  of  hair : Color  of  eyes  :   

Other  visible  distinctive  marks : 

Where  born  : ,        

(city  or  town)  (country) 

Date  of  birth  : ,     ,      

(month)  (day)  (year) 

Present  residence  :   , , 

(No.    street)  (city)  (State) 

Emigrated  from  :   ,         

(port   of   embarkation)  (country) 

Name  of  vessel : 

Last  place  of  foreign  residence  : ,      

(city)  (country) 

I  am  now  a  subject  of  and  intend  to  renounce  my  allegiance  to : 

Date  of  arrival  in  the  United  States  : ,     ,     

(month)  (day)  (year) 

Port  of  arrival : ,       

(city)  (state) 

I  am  now  a  citizen  of  and  intend  to  renounce  allegiance  to  the  Republic  of: 


Sixty-four 


SCRANTON  POSTOFFICE 


can  get 
lands 
must  tell 
is  doing 

lived 
know 
does  know 

take  oath 
must    promise 
must  give 
gives 
should  be 


GETTING  FIRST  CITIZENSHIP  PAPERS 

Any  foreigner  18  years  old  can  get  his  first  citizenship  papers. 
He  can  get  his  first  papers  any  time  after  he  lands  in  America. 
He  must  tell  the  clerk  his  name  and  age. 
He  must  tell  what  work  he  is  doing  and  where  and  when  he  was 

born. 

He  must  tell  where  he  lived  before  he  came  to  this  country. 
He  must  know  the  date  when  he  came  and  the  name  of  the  boat. 
If  he  does  not  know  the  name  of  the  boat  the  clerk  will  find  that 

out  for  him. 

Fie  must  take  oath  that  he  intends  to  become  a  citizen. 
He  must  promise. to  be  loyal  to  his  new  country. 
He  mnst  give  the  clerk  one  dollar. 
The  clerk  now  gives  him  his  first  paper. 
This  first  paper  should  be  kept  very  carefully. 


How  old  must  you  be  to  get  your  first  papers?  What  must  you  tell  the 
clerk  before  you  get  your  paper?  Must  you  know  the  date  you  came  to 
America?  How  much  must  you  pay  to  the  clerk  for  this  paper? 


Sixty-five 
65 


Petition  For  Naturalization 

Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor 
Naturalization  Service,  Washington,  D.  C. 


First.  My  full  name  is  

Second.  My  place  of  residence  is 

Third.  My  occupation   is    

Fourth.  I  was  born  on  the day  of ,  18 .  . .  . ,  at 

(city) 

Fifth.  I  emigrated  to  the  United  States  from   

(port) 

on  or  about  the day  of ,  1.  . .  . ,  and  arrived  at  the 

port  of in  the  United  States,  on  the  vessel 

Sixth.               I  declared  my  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  on  the 
day  of ,  1 ,  at 

in   the Court    

(city) 

Seventh.          1  am   My  wife's  name  is 

(single  or  married) 

She  was  born  in ,  and  now  resides  at 

Eighth.  I  have child   

name born day  of ,  1 .  . .  . ,  at 

name born day  of .........  1.  . .  .,  at 

Ninth.  I  am able  to  speak  the  English  language. 

Tenth.  T  have  resided  continuously  in  the  United  States  for  five  years,  since. 

the day  of ,  1 ,  and  in  the  State 

of for  one  entire  year  prior  to  this  time,  since 

the    day   of ,   1 

Witnesses : 

Name.  Occupation.  Residence. 

1) 

2) 

I  herewith  present  my  Declaration  of   Intention   to   become   a   Citizen   of   the 
United  States. 

Sixty-six 
66 


INSIDE  OF  UNITED  STATES  COURT  AT  SCRANTON,  PA. 


GETTING  SECOND  CITIZENSHIP  PAPERS 

can  get  Two  years  after  this  the  man  can  get  his  second  papers  if  he  has 

been  in  the  country  five  years. 

must  go  He  must  go  to  the  clerk's  office  and  take  his  first  paper  with  him. 

must  take  He  must  take  two  citizens  with  him. 

take  oath  These  men  must  take  oath  that  he  is  a  good  man. 

have  known  The  men  must  have  known  him  five  years  in  this  country. 

They  must  know  that  he  has  been  in  this  state  one  year, 
must  sign  The  man  must  sign  his  name  to  a  paper, 

must  show  This  paper  must  Show  the  name  of  his  wife  and  when  and  where 

she  was  born. 
This  paper  must  have  on  it  the  name  of  the  city  from  which  he 

sailed, 
must  give      :  The  man  must  give  four  dollars  to  the  clerk. 

How  many  years  must  a  man  live  in  this  country  before  he  can  get  his 
second  papers?  Must  he  take  his  first  papers  with  him?  Must  he  take  two 
witnesses?  How  long  must  the  witnesses  have  known  him?  Must  the  man 
sign  his  own  name?  Are  the  names  of  his  wife  and  children  on  the  paper? 
How  much  must  he  pay  for  the  second  paper? 


Sixty-seven 
67 


HON.   CHARLES  B.  WITMER 
Judge  U.  S.  District  Court,  Scranton,  Pa. 


GETTING  LAST  CITIZENSHIP  PAPERS 

appear  The  man  must  then  appear  in  Court. 

placed  His  name  will  be  placed  on  a  list  near  the  clerk's  office. 

can  look  He  can  look  at  it  and  see  when  he  must  come  to  Court. 

will  be  It  will  be  at  least  90  days  after  signing-  the  second  paper. 

will  ask  The  Judge  will  ask  him  many  questions. 

be  able  He  must  be  able  to  speak  some  English. 

Two  witnesses  must  be  in  Court  with  him. 

have  known        These  men  must  have  known  him  for  five  years  in  this  country. 
must  raise  He  must  raise  his  right  hand  and  swear  to  obey  the  laws. 

be  given  Final  papers  will  now  be  given  him. 

He  is  then  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

If  he  has  a  wife,  and  children  under  21  years  of  age,  they  are  citizens 
also  now. 

Where  does  the  clerk  post  the  man's  name?  When  will  the  man  have 
to  come  to  Court?  How  many  witnesses  must  he  bring  to  Court?  How  long 
must  these  witnesses  have  known  him?  Do  his  wife  and  children  become 
citizens  also? 

Sixty-eight 


Some  Questions  Asked  by  the  Court 


What  Country  were  you  born  in  ? 

Who  is  ruler  of  that  Country  ? 

How  does  that  government  differ  from  this? 

Who  is  the  President  of  the  United  States? 

How  is  he  elected? 

If  the  President  should  die  who  would  be  President  ? 

How  did  Roosevelt  become  President  ? 

How  did  Taft  become  President  ? 

How  are  the  laws  made  for  the  Country? 

Who  are  the  Senators  from  Pennsylvania? 

Who  is  the  Congressman  from  this  District? 

What  is  the  supreme  law  of  the  Country? 

Who  is  Governor  of  Pennsylvania? 

Who  is  Mayor  of  this  City? 

How  many  Councilmen  are  there? 

What  is  the  Capital  of  the  United  States? 

What  is  the  Capital  of  Pennsylvania? 

How  many  States  are  there  in  the  Union? 

Name  some  of  them. 

How  are  United  States  Senators  elected? 

How  are  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  elected? 

Who  is  our  State  Senator  from  this  District? 

Where  does  the  State  Legislature  meet? 


Sixty  nine 
69 


UNIVERSITY  OP  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY,- 
BERKELEY 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

Books  not  returned  on  time  are  subject  to  a  fine  of 
50c  per  volume  after  the  third  day  overdue,  increasing 
to  $1.00  per  volume  after  the  sixth  day.  Books  not  in 
demand  may  be  renewed  if  application  is  made  before 
expiration  of  loan  period. 


ss 


SENTONfLL 

AUB  0  1  2001 

U.  C.  BERKELEY 


APR  17  1947 
REC'D  LO     FE8 


F1EB1G  1971 


15m-4,'24 


247503 


